Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) by adolescents and children in the United States has been linked to less healthy diets, excessive caloric intake and weight gain, increased obesity rates, and associated adverse health effects, including increased rates of type 2 diabetes in adults. This research synthesis reviews evidence regarding the health effects of SSB consumption, outlines conclusions on the basis of these investigations and suggests areas for additional research. A Research Synthesis by Healthy Eating Research, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, November, 2009.